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Written by the 14th-century Arab scholar Ibn Khaldun, 'The Muqaddimah' is a groundbreaking work of universal history that lays out a philosophy of history and sociology. It analyzes the rise and fall of civilizations through a cyclical theory, emphasizing the role of social cohesion ('asabiyyah'), economic factors, and environmental influences in shaping human societies. It is considered a foundational text in historiography, sociology, and economics.
have been analyzing history from as long ago as Herodotus the Bible IB kalun the Chinese historians like siman
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"Ibn Khaldun was mentioned as one of the historical figures who analyzed history, contributing to the idea of a 'shared truth' across different eras. 'The Muqaddimah' is his most significant work, directly relevant to the discussion about historical cycles and the dynamics of civilizations."





